constitutional

Category: Constitutional Rights

The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects the right of people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures. A “search” compromises individual interests in privacy, while a “seizure” deprives the individual of dominion over his or her person or property....

The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides seven specific procedural protections to those accused of committing a crime: (1) the right to a speedy trial; (2) the right to a public trial; (3) the right to a trial by an impartial jury drawn in a prescribed manner; (4)...

The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibits the government from enacting laws that infringe upon the establishment of religion, the free exercise of religion, expression, press, assembly, or the right to petition the government for redress of grievances. It is designed and intended to remove governmental...

The Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States protects the right to keep and bear arms. The right to own and carry weapons, particularly firearms, has been a controversial topic of debate since its enactment in 1791. Today, amendment two is interpreted by the Supreme Court of the...

The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects individuals by preventing the government from abusing its prosecutorial powers. The Fifth Amendment contains five protections for individuals who find themselves at odds with the government, whether through criminal accusations, or the government’s attempted eminent domain. The Fifth Amendment requires the...

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The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States granted women the right to vote. WHAT IS THE TEXT OF THE NINETEENTH AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION? U.S. Const. Amend. XIX. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United...

The Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibited the production, transportation, and sale of intoxicating liquors in the United States and its territories. Ratified on January 16, 1919, it was the culmination of decades of labor by temperance groups across the nation. The Amendment initially led to a reduction...

The Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States provides for the direct elections of senators to the United States Senate for each individual state in the country. The Constitutional Amendment supersedes the previous mechanism in Article I, Section 3 whereby state legislatures elected Senators. Dissatisfaction with the previous...

Your Legal Roadmap: Answering Your Questions

Question 1

What Speech is protected by the First Amendment?

The First Amendment to the United States Constitution protects freedom of speech, which means the government has no power to restrict expression because of its message, its ideas, its subject matter, or its content. Free speech is the right to express any opinion in public without censorship or restraint by the government. Freedom of speech may be exercised in a direct way with words, or a symbolic way with actions. The right to express oneself is also recognized as an inherent human right by the United Nations in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.  Read more.
Question 2

Can felons own firearms?

The Second Amendment confers the individual right to keep and bear arms, but it is not unlimited. In general, law-abiding citizens’ keep and bear arms is protected, and government regulations may only infringe upon that right under limited circumstances. The Gun Control Act explains the following classes of persons are prohibited from owning or possessing certain weapons: Convicted felons, or persons convicted of a misdemeanor with a term of imprisonment exceeding one year... Read more.
Question 3

When can police search a cell phone?

Police generally need a warrant supported by probable cause to search a suspect’s cell phone. Cell phones differ in both a quantitative and qualitative sense from other objects that might be carried on an arrestee’s person. Modern cell phones have immense storage capacity, with the ability to store millions of pages of texts, thousands of pictures, or hundreds of videos. Prior to cell phones, a search of a person was limited by physical realities and generally constituted only a narrow intrusion of privacy. Because of the extensive privacy invasion, a warrant is required to search an arrestee’s cell phone. Read more.
Question 4

What does it mean to plead the fifth?

“Pleading the Fifth” is a colloquial term often used to describe when witnesses refuse to answer questions that may incriminate themselves. A criminal defendant on trial may invoke the privilege and not take the witness stand at all. The privilege extends to non-defendant witnesses, who may not be compelled to give testimony tending to show they committed a crime. A jury is also prohibited from drawing inferences from the witness’s invocation of the privilege against self-incrimination. Read more.
Question 5

Can you represent yourself in court?

Defendants who give up their right to counsel and invoke their right to self-representation—or their right to proceed pro se—must be advised of the dangers and disadvantages of self-representation, and their competence to waive their right will be assessed based on their literacy and ability to understand the rights they are giving up... Read more.
Question 6

What is an unreasonable search and seizure?

Although no single rubric definitively resolves which expectations of privacy are entitled to protection, the analysis is informed by historical understandings “of what was deemed an unreasonable search and seizure when [the Fourth Amendment] was adopted.” Carroll v. United States, 267 U.S. 132, 149 (1925). On this score, our cases have recognized some basic guideposts. First, that the Amendment seeks to secure “the privacies of life” against “arbitrary power.” Boyd v. United States, 116 U.S. 616, 630 (1886). Second, and relatedly, that a central aim of the Framers was “to place obstacles in the way of a too permeating police surveillance.” United States v. Di Re, 332 U.S. 581, 595 (1948). Read more.
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